AN ANALYSIS OF STUDENTS’ ERROR IN USING PASSIVE VOICE

: This research aimed to find out the errors made by the tenth-grade students of SMK Nusa Dua especially first grade students of hotel accommodation program in using passive voice. This purpose of this research is to find out the types of errors. The researcher used Dulays‟ theory to find the types of error. Furthermore, the researcher used descriptive qualitative research design. To get the sample, the researcher used cluster sampling technique. The researcher took 45 students as a sample from class 10 AP2. To analysis the data, the researcher gave a test about passive voice of simple present tense. There were totally 352 errors created by the students. Those errors derived from omission with 21 errors, addition with 67 errors, misformation with 253 errors and misordering with 11 errors. sebagai sampel dari kelas 10 AP2. Untuk menganalisis data, peneliti memberikan tes tentang passive voice of simple present tense. Total ada 352 kesalahan yang dibuat oleh siswa. Kesalahan tersebut berasal dari kelalaian dengan 21 kesalahan, ditambah dengan 67 kesalahan, kesalahan informasi dengan 253 kesalahan dan misordering dengan 11 kesalahan.


INTRODUCTION
As we realize that language is something important in human's life as a media to express an idea, feeling, meaning and intention to the others. Through language people are easily to understand one each other in having interaction in daily life. According to Richards, (2010, p. 311) explains that language as a system of human communication which consists of the structured arrangement of sounds into larger units. There are many kinds of language in the world such as Indonesian, English, French, Germanic, Spain and so many more.
Every person at least master about one language or even more. In Indonesia, Indonesian language is main language to be spoken even though many people can speak other language such as English language. English language is very important to be mastered because it's an international language and one of the most spoken language in the world. In Indonesia, English become a main subject to be taught in formal education such as in elementary school, junior high school, Senior high school and even in university and more than that, English also becomes one of the subjects in national examination for Indonesian students. By realizing how important of English, the students are expected to master English both written and spoken English.
In order to have a good English, the students must be able to master about the main concept of English to help them in learning English as their second language so that they can easily to master English. The main concept of English is Grammar. Grammar is the basic knowledge in understanding English. According to L.G. Alexander, (1990) stated that Grammar is the support system of communication and we learn it to communicate better. Grammar explains the why and how of language. We learn it because we just can't do without it. So, it means grammar is important to be learnt as a basic knowledge in understanding English.
In learning grammar, there are some important aspects that may be discussed by the students such as about the tenses, preposition, conjunction, active and passive voice, direct and indirect speech and so much more. The students are expected to master all these aspects especially passive voice. Passive voice is formed from active voice. According to Swick, English Grammar for ESL Learners (2005, p. 49) defines that the passive voice is a structure that allows you to make a statement without knowing who performed the action of the sentence, e.g.

Alternating forms
The use of archi-forms often gives a way to the free alternation of various members of a class with each other.

Missordering
Missordering errors are characterized by the incorrect placement of a morpheme or a group of morphemes in an utterance.

Omission
Omission occurred when students omitted the structure or word in forming a correct sentence. In this case, students created 21 errors. They mostly omitted to be am, is are and not in forming negative sentence. For example: 1. Omission errors of to be: The door opened by Tom

The customers served by waitresses
This room cleaned everyday I invited by Billy to the party.
The sentences above are incorrect, the students omitted be (am, is, are). Students should put to be (am, is, are) after the subject in forming a correct passive sentence. So, the sentence should be: The door is opened by Tom. (Used is because the subject "the door" is a singular noun).
The customers are served by the waitresses.
(Used are because the subject "customers" is a plural noun).

This room is cleaned every day. (Used is
because the subject "this room" is a singular noun).

I am invited by Billy to the party. (Used am
because the subject "I" is first singular noun).

Omission errors of Not: An Analysis of Students" Error In Using Passive Voice (I Gusti Ngurah Bagus Yoga Widiadnya dan I Gusti Ayu
Agung Yuni Lestari 61 I am advised by her The sentence above is actually correct sentence but students are required to change it into negative sentence. In the question, the researcher wrote the sentence, she does not advise me. To change it into negative sentence students should add the word "not" after to be. So, the sentence should be: I am not advised by her.

Addition
This kind of error is the opposite of Based on the explanation above, can be concluded that students created addition errors especially in forming negative and interrogative passive sentence because they did not master the pattern and the rules and consequently, they made mistake.

Misformation
Misformation errors is the highest frequency of errors that made by the students with 253 errors. This error happened when students created incorrect structure in a sentence.
Based on the findings, students created misformation errors of to be, misformation errors of regular and irregular verb (regularization), misformation errors of pronoun.

Misordering
Based on the finding above, From the sentences above, students created a passive sentence not in the right order.
In forming passive sentence, to be (am, is, are) must be put after subject and adverb must be put at the end of the sentence. From the explanation above, could be concluded that misformation was the highest frequency of errors and misordering was the lowest frequency of errors made by the students.

CONCLUSION
From the sources of errors, the students created errors because they still haven't mastered about the structure in forming English passive voice.
And they still influenced by their first language.