KETERAMPILAN KEPEMIMPINAN BISNIS GLOBAL YANG EFEKTIF
Keywords:
Leaders, Global Business, Leadership, Effectiveness, Cross Culture
Abstract
This research is qualitative in nature that draws findings from various literatures in relation to global business leadership and cross-cultural management. This is an initial effort to identify the essence of leadership skills for global business leaders to face current and future challenges.
In global business including technological innovation, and demographic change, companies must seek effective leadership for diverse organizational management. Leadership in global environmental conditions that seeks to involve cultural awareness, global mindset, effective interpersonal skills, and leader-employee relations and the need to develop leadership skills. There are eleven important skills identified for global business leaders that are effective in developing diverse locations.
These skills are useful for growing employee potential, improving overall organizational performance, taking social responsibility, and cross-cultural human relations. So global business leaders need to continually update effective knowledge, skills and abilities in developing cross-cultural work and management environments, to be able to compete in the global market. Global business management and human resource development will be very useful by exploring empirically the essence of leader skills. In the future this strategy will be very beneficial for global business leadership practices.
References
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Byrd, M. (2007). Educating and developing leaders of racially diverse organizations. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 18(2), 275-279. doi: 10.1002/hrdq.1203
Caligiuri, P., & Tarique, I. (2012). Dynamic cross-cultural competencies and global leadership effectiveness. Journal of World Business, 47(4), 612-622. doi: 10.1016/j.jwb.2012.01.014
Carr-Ruffino, N. (2005). Making diversity work. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education.
Chaplin, J. P. (2010). Dictionary of Psikology;Rumor, Fear, and the Madness of Crown; and Systems and Theories in Psychology. Random House Publishing Group
Choan, P. S. (2003). Value leadership: The seven principles that drive corporate value in any economic. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Connerley, M. & Pedersen, P. (2005). Leadership in a diverse and multicultural environment: Developing awareness, know-ledge and skills. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage
Cranford, S., & Glover, S. (2007). Challenge match the stakes grow higher for global leaders. Leadership in Action, 27(3), 9-14. doi:10.1002/lia.1207
Dubrin, A. (2004). Leadership: Researching findings, practice, and skills (4th ed.). Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin.
Ely, R.J., Ibarra, H., & Kolb, D.M. (2011). Taking gender into account: Theory and design for women's leadership development programs. Academy of Management Learning Education, 10(3), 474-493. doi: 10.5465/amle.2010.0046
Flaum, S. (2002). Six Ps of great leadership. Executive Excellence, 19(8), 3-4.
Fritsch, S. (2011). Technology and global affairs. International Studies Perspectives, 12(1), 27-45. doi: 10.1111/j.1528-3585.2010.00417.x
Frost, J., & Walker, M. (2007). Leadership culture - cross cultural leadership. Engineering Management, 17(3), 27-29.
Graen, G.B., & Wakabayashi, M. (1994). Cross-cultural leadership-making: Bridging American and Japanese diversity for team advantage. In: H.C. Triandis, M.D. Dunnette, & L.M. Hough (Eds.), Handbook of Industrial and Organizational Psychology (Vol. 4, pp. 415– 446). New York: Consulting Psychologist Press.
Gutierrez, B., Spencer, S.M., & Zhu, G. (2012). Thinking globally, leading locally: Chinese, Indian, and Western leadership. Cross Cultural Management: An International Journal, 19(1), 67-89. doi:10.1108/13527601211195637
Hackman, M. Z., & Johnson, C. E. (2004). Leadership: A communication perspective (4th ed.). Long Grove, IL: Waveland Press.
Harris, C. A., & Leberman, S. I. (2012). Leadership development for women in New Zealand universities: Learning from the New Zealand women in leadership program. Advances in Developing Human Resources, 14(1), 28-44. doi: 10.1177/1523422311428747
Harteis, C. (2012). When workplace learning fails: Individual and organisational limitations ? Exemplarily demonstrated by the issue of responsibility in work life. International Journal of Human Resources Development and Management, 12(1), 92-107. doi: 10.1504/IJHRDM.2012.044202.
Heller, T. (1982). Women and men as leaders: In business, educational and social service organizations. New York, NY: Praeger.
Holt, K. & Seki, K. (2012). Global leadership: A developmental shift for everyone. Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 5(2), 196-215. doi: 10.1111/j.1754- 9434.2012.01431.x
Johnson, H. H. (2008). Mental models and transformative learning: The key to leadership development. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 19(1), 85-89. doi: 10.1002/hrdq.1227
Khana, M. A., & Afzalb, H. (2011). High level of education builds up strong relationship between organizational culture and organization performance in Pakistan. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 22(7), 1387-1400. doi:10.1080/09585192.2011.561955
Kowske, B. J., & Anthony, K. (2007). Towards defining leadership competence around the world: What mid-level managers need to know in twelve countries. Human Resource Development International, 10(1), 21-41. doi: 10.1080/13678860601170260
Leithwood, Kenneth & Doris Jantzi. (2008). Linking Leadership to Student Learning: The Contributions of Leader Efficacy. SAGE journal Education Administration Quarterly. 44(4),496-528. doi.org/10.1177/0013161X08321501
Lussier, R. N. (2005). Human relations in organization. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Irwin.
Lovvorn, A. S. & Chen, J.-S. (2011). Developing a global mindset: The relationship between an international assignment and cultural intelligence. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 2(9), 275-282.
Mendez-Russell, A. (2001). Diversity leadership. Executive Excellence, 18(12), 16.
Nuraini, Rina Selly, (2013). Memahami Kepemimpionan Stratejik dan Kebudayaan Oraganisasi. Jurnal Populis, 7(1), 64-71
Madanchian, Mitra, NorashikinHussein, Fauziah Noordin & Hamed Taherdoost. (2017). Leadership Effectiveness Measurement and Its Effect on Organization Outcomes. Procedia Engineering, 181,1043-1048. doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.02.505
Morosini, P. (2005). The common glue: An alternative way of transcending differences to unleash competitive performance. San Diego, CA: Elsvier.
Nguyen, N. T. B., & Umemoto, K. (2009). Understanding leadership for crosscultural knowledge management. Journal of Leadership Studies, 2(4), 23-35. doi: 10.1002/jls.20078
Okoro, E. (2012). Cross-cultural etiquette and communication in global business: Toward a strategic framework for managing corporate expansion. International Journal of Business and Management, 7(16), 130-138. doi:10.5539/ijbm.v7n16p130
Parvis, L. (2003). Diversity and effective leadership in multicultural workplaces. Journal of Environmental Health, 65(7), 37&63.
Punnett, B. J. (2004). International perspectives on organizational behavior and human resource management. New York, NY: M.E. Sharpe.
Punnett, B. J., & Shenkar, O. (2004). Handbook for international management research. Michigan: The University of Michigan Press.
Ragir, S., & Brooks, P. J. (2012). The key to cultural innovation lies in the group dynamic rather than in the individual mind. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 35(4), 237-238. doi:10.1017/S0140525X11002081
Rausch, E., Halfhill, S. M., Sherman, H., & Washbush, J. B. (2001). Practical leadership-in-management education for effective strategies in a rapidly changing world. Journal of Management Development, 20(3), 245-257. doi: 10.1108/02621710110386381
Rockstuhl, T., Seiler, S., Ang, S., Dyne, L., & Annen, H. (2011). Beyond general intelligence (IQ) and emotional intelligence (EQ): The role of cultural intelligence (CQ) on cross-border leadership effectiveness in a globalized world. Journal of Social Issues, 67(4), 825-840. doi: 10.1111/j.1540-4560.2011.01730.x
Roy, S. R. (2012). Digital mastery: The skills needed for effective virtual leadership. International Journal of e-Collaboration, 8(3), 56-66. doi:10.4018/jec.2012070104
Smith, A. D. (2011). Corporate social responsibility implementation: Comparison of large not-for-profit and for-profit companies. International Journal of Accounting and Information Management, 19(3), 231- 246. doi: 10.1108/18347641111169241
Story, J. S. P, & Barbuto, J. E. (2011). Global mindset: A construct clarification and framework. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 18(3), 377-384. doi: 10.1177/1548051811404421
Strand, R. (2011). Exploring the role of leadership in corporate social responsibility: A review. Journal of Leadership, Accountability and Ethics, 8(4), 84-96.
Swanson, R. A. & Holton, E. F. (2009). Foundations of human resource development (2nd Ed.). San Francisco, CA: Berrett-Koehler.
Takahashi, K., Ishikawa, J., & Kanai, T. (2012). Qualitative and quantitative studies of leadership in multinational settings: Meta-analytic and cross-cultural reviews. Journal of World Business, 47(4), 530-538. doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2011.03.031.
Ulrich, D., & Smallwood, N. (2012). What is leadership?. In W. H. Mobley, Ying Wang, Ming Li (ed.) Advances in Global Leadership (Advances in Global Leadership, Volume 7), Emerald Group Publishing Limited, pp.9-36. doi:10.1108/S1535-1203(2012)0000007005.
Ventrice, C. (2003). Make their day: Employee recognition that works. San Francisco, CA: Berrett-Koehler.
Vinnicombe, S., & Singh, V. (2003). Women-only management training: An essential part of women’s leadership development. Journal of Change Management, 3(4), 294-306. doi:10.1080/714023846
Wang, V. C. (2011). E-Leadership in the new century. International Journal of Adult Vocational Education and Technology, 2(1), 50-59. doi:10.4018/javet.2011010105
Weiss, W. H. (2004). Effective leadership: What are the requisites. SuperVision, 65(1), 14-17.
William, Ken (2008). Effective Multicultural Teams: Theory and Practice , 135-172
Amagoh, F. (2009). Leadership development and leadership effectiveness. Management Decision, 47(6), 989- 999. doi: 10.1108/00251740910966695
Antonakis, J., Cianciolo, A. and Sternberg, R. (2004). Leadership: Past, Present and Future. In J. Antonakis, A. Cianciolo and R. Sternberg (Eds.). The Nature of Leadership. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Byrd, M. (2007). Educating and developing leaders of racially diverse organizations. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 18(2), 275-279. doi: 10.1002/hrdq.1203
Caligiuri, P., & Tarique, I. (2012). Dynamic cross-cultural competencies and global leadership effectiveness. Journal of World Business, 47(4), 612-622. doi: 10.1016/j.jwb.2012.01.014
Carr-Ruffino, N. (2005). Making diversity work. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education.
Chaplin, J. P. (2010). Dictionary of Psikology;Rumor, Fear, and the Madness of Crown; and Systems and Theories in Psychology. Random House Publishing Group
Choan, P. S. (2003). Value leadership: The seven principles that drive corporate value in any economic. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Connerley, M. & Pedersen, P. (2005). Leadership in a diverse and multicultural environment: Developing awareness, know-ledge and skills. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage
Cranford, S., & Glover, S. (2007). Challenge match the stakes grow higher for global leaders. Leadership in Action, 27(3), 9-14. doi:10.1002/lia.1207
Dubrin, A. (2004). Leadership: Researching findings, practice, and skills (4th ed.). Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin.
Ely, R.J., Ibarra, H., & Kolb, D.M. (2011). Taking gender into account: Theory and design for women's leadership development programs. Academy of Management Learning Education, 10(3), 474-493. doi: 10.5465/amle.2010.0046
Flaum, S. (2002). Six Ps of great leadership. Executive Excellence, 19(8), 3-4.
Fritsch, S. (2011). Technology and global affairs. International Studies Perspectives, 12(1), 27-45. doi: 10.1111/j.1528-3585.2010.00417.x
Frost, J., & Walker, M. (2007). Leadership culture - cross cultural leadership. Engineering Management, 17(3), 27-29.
Graen, G.B., & Wakabayashi, M. (1994). Cross-cultural leadership-making: Bridging American and Japanese diversity for team advantage. In: H.C. Triandis, M.D. Dunnette, & L.M. Hough (Eds.), Handbook of Industrial and Organizational Psychology (Vol. 4, pp. 415– 446). New York: Consulting Psychologist Press.
Gutierrez, B., Spencer, S.M., & Zhu, G. (2012). Thinking globally, leading locally: Chinese, Indian, and Western leadership. Cross Cultural Management: An International Journal, 19(1), 67-89. doi:10.1108/13527601211195637
Hackman, M. Z., & Johnson, C. E. (2004). Leadership: A communication perspective (4th ed.). Long Grove, IL: Waveland Press.
Harris, C. A., & Leberman, S. I. (2012). Leadership development for women in New Zealand universities: Learning from the New Zealand women in leadership program. Advances in Developing Human Resources, 14(1), 28-44. doi: 10.1177/1523422311428747
Harteis, C. (2012). When workplace learning fails: Individual and organisational limitations ? Exemplarily demonstrated by the issue of responsibility in work life. International Journal of Human Resources Development and Management, 12(1), 92-107. doi: 10.1504/IJHRDM.2012.044202.
Heller, T. (1982). Women and men as leaders: In business, educational and social service organizations. New York, NY: Praeger.
Holt, K. & Seki, K. (2012). Global leadership: A developmental shift for everyone. Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 5(2), 196-215. doi: 10.1111/j.1754- 9434.2012.01431.x
Johnson, H. H. (2008). Mental models and transformative learning: The key to leadership development. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 19(1), 85-89. doi: 10.1002/hrdq.1227
Khana, M. A., & Afzalb, H. (2011). High level of education builds up strong relationship between organizational culture and organization performance in Pakistan. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 22(7), 1387-1400. doi:10.1080/09585192.2011.561955
Kowske, B. J., & Anthony, K. (2007). Towards defining leadership competence around the world: What mid-level managers need to know in twelve countries. Human Resource Development International, 10(1), 21-41. doi: 10.1080/13678860601170260
Leithwood, Kenneth & Doris Jantzi. (2008). Linking Leadership to Student Learning: The Contributions of Leader Efficacy. SAGE journal Education Administration Quarterly. 44(4),496-528. doi.org/10.1177/0013161X08321501
Lussier, R. N. (2005). Human relations in organization. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Irwin.
Lovvorn, A. S. & Chen, J.-S. (2011). Developing a global mindset: The relationship between an international assignment and cultural intelligence. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 2(9), 275-282.
Mendez-Russell, A. (2001). Diversity leadership. Executive Excellence, 18(12), 16.
Nuraini, Rina Selly, (2013). Memahami Kepemimpionan Stratejik dan Kebudayaan Oraganisasi. Jurnal Populis, 7(1), 64-71
Madanchian, Mitra, NorashikinHussein, Fauziah Noordin & Hamed Taherdoost. (2017). Leadership Effectiveness Measurement and Its Effect on Organization Outcomes. Procedia Engineering, 181,1043-1048. doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.02.505
Morosini, P. (2005). The common glue: An alternative way of transcending differences to unleash competitive performance. San Diego, CA: Elsvier.
Nguyen, N. T. B., & Umemoto, K. (2009). Understanding leadership for crosscultural knowledge management. Journal of Leadership Studies, 2(4), 23-35. doi: 10.1002/jls.20078
Okoro, E. (2012). Cross-cultural etiquette and communication in global business: Toward a strategic framework for managing corporate expansion. International Journal of Business and Management, 7(16), 130-138. doi:10.5539/ijbm.v7n16p130
Parvis, L. (2003). Diversity and effective leadership in multicultural workplaces. Journal of Environmental Health, 65(7), 37&63.
Punnett, B. J. (2004). International perspectives on organizational behavior and human resource management. New York, NY: M.E. Sharpe.
Punnett, B. J., & Shenkar, O. (2004). Handbook for international management research. Michigan: The University of Michigan Press.
Ragir, S., & Brooks, P. J. (2012). The key to cultural innovation lies in the group dynamic rather than in the individual mind. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 35(4), 237-238. doi:10.1017/S0140525X11002081
Rausch, E., Halfhill, S. M., Sherman, H., & Washbush, J. B. (2001). Practical leadership-in-management education for effective strategies in a rapidly changing world. Journal of Management Development, 20(3), 245-257. doi: 10.1108/02621710110386381
Rockstuhl, T., Seiler, S., Ang, S., Dyne, L., & Annen, H. (2011). Beyond general intelligence (IQ) and emotional intelligence (EQ): The role of cultural intelligence (CQ) on cross-border leadership effectiveness in a globalized world. Journal of Social Issues, 67(4), 825-840. doi: 10.1111/j.1540-4560.2011.01730.x
Roy, S. R. (2012). Digital mastery: The skills needed for effective virtual leadership. International Journal of e-Collaboration, 8(3), 56-66. doi:10.4018/jec.2012070104
Smith, A. D. (2011). Corporate social responsibility implementation: Comparison of large not-for-profit and for-profit companies. International Journal of Accounting and Information Management, 19(3), 231- 246. doi: 10.1108/18347641111169241
Story, J. S. P, & Barbuto, J. E. (2011). Global mindset: A construct clarification and framework. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 18(3), 377-384. doi: 10.1177/1548051811404421
Strand, R. (2011). Exploring the role of leadership in corporate social responsibility: A review. Journal of Leadership, Accountability and Ethics, 8(4), 84-96.
Swanson, R. A. & Holton, E. F. (2009). Foundations of human resource development (2nd Ed.). San Francisco, CA: Berrett-Koehler.
Takahashi, K., Ishikawa, J., & Kanai, T. (2012). Qualitative and quantitative studies of leadership in multinational settings: Meta-analytic and cross-cultural reviews. Journal of World Business, 47(4), 530-538. doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2011.03.031.
Ulrich, D., & Smallwood, N. (2012). What is leadership?. In W. H. Mobley, Ying Wang, Ming Li (ed.) Advances in Global Leadership (Advances in Global Leadership, Volume 7), Emerald Group Publishing Limited, pp.9-36. doi:10.1108/S1535-1203(2012)0000007005.
Ventrice, C. (2003). Make their day: Employee recognition that works. San Francisco, CA: Berrett-Koehler.
Vinnicombe, S., & Singh, V. (2003). Women-only management training: An essential part of women’s leadership development. Journal of Change Management, 3(4), 294-306. doi:10.1080/714023846
Wang, V. C. (2011). E-Leadership in the new century. International Journal of Adult Vocational Education and Technology, 2(1), 50-59. doi:10.4018/javet.2011010105
Weiss, W. H. (2004). Effective leadership: What are the requisites. SuperVision, 65(1), 14-17.
William, Ken (2008). Effective Multicultural Teams: Theory and Practice , 135-172
Published
2020-04-09
How to Cite
Nazwirman, N. (2020). KETERAMPILAN KEPEMIMPINAN BISNIS GLOBAL YANG EFEKTIF. MBIA, 19(1), 49–65. https://doi.org/10.33557/mbia.v19i1.502
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